Conclusions

The structured-document software world has moved on significantly since the virtual replacement of SGML with XML. Some of this is due to improvements in hardware, especially in speed and capacity, and in software capability and compatibility (or at least interoperability), and in language development, particularly Java and Javascript. XML deliberately cut out a lot of facilities from SGML which were underused or added complexity for little gain — the Design Goals of the XML Specification emphasise ease of use and simplicity techreport. The number of people (and companies) using XML is much larger than it ever was for SGML, so there is probably more software available to meet the demand. With better frameworks and raised awareness, vendors, developers, and programmers have generally been paying more attention to usability, so installing and using current software is easier and more reliable than it was in the days of Windows 95/XP and SGML. Modern applications tend to make less fuss, a lesson learned from the so-called Web 2.0 paradigm which emphasises obviousness. So have we learned anything else?