Although the actual break-down varies between projects and with different methodologies, the following tasks are always involved with a project involving marked-up documents:
Requirements Analysis: What do we think we need?
Data Analysis: What do we have?
Strategy: How will we get there?
Status Review: Where are we now?
Implementation: Let’s go there!
Testing and Fixes: Are we there yet?
In a waterfall model these steps were performed in order, with no feedback from one to another. This enabled fixed-priced projects but unfortunately led to systems that did not meet requirements that changed as discoveries were made or understanding was increased during development.
In an agile system, these separate tasks may be done in parallel or considered continuous. For example, data may be analyzed multiple times during a project, in different ways and with different objectives, as new needs emerge.